Layer 4 - 7 -- Application Layer
Components
📍 Quantum applications --;quantum cloud, quantum internet
📍 Classical software stacks interfacing with quantum systems
Quantum Threats
Quantum Algorithm Attacks
BR>Shor’s algorithm breaks PKI, Grover’s algorithm speeds up brute-force attacks on symmetric encryption.
Quantum Software Exploits
Malicious quantum algorithms or software could exploit vulnerabilities in quantum applications
eg quantum machine learning models
Quantum Side Channels
Quantum states or results could leak information if not properly isolated.
Quantum Denial of Service (QDoS)
Overloading quantum servers or applications with entangled requests, causing system crashes.
Layer 1
Layer 1.5
Layer 2
Layer 3
Layer 4 -7
Summary