Quantum Threats

Photon Number Splitting (PNS) Attacks

In PNoC or optical channels, an attacker can split single photons to eavesdrop on quantum key distribution (QKD) or other optical signals


Trojan-Horse Attacks

Injecting light into optical components to probe internal states or extract data


Quantum Back-Reflection

Exploiting reflections in optical components to gain information about the system’s internal workings.


Denial-of-Service (DoS)


Quantum noise or jamming can disrupt optical signal integrity, causing channel failures