| Google |
Gemini |
Text |
0.24 watt-hours per median prompt (May 2025) |
Running a standard microwave for about one second |
| OpenAI |
ChatGPT |
Text |
0.34 watt-hours per average query (June 2025) |
Slightly more than Google Gemini |
| Stability AI |
Stable Diffusion 3 |
Image |
As much energy as fully charging your smartphone (2023/2025) |
Generating an image is much more energy-intensive than text |
| Open-Source Models |
Meta Llama (text), Stable Diffusion 3 (image), Video Models |
Text, Image, Video |
Text: 1,000 queries = 16% of a smartphone charge; Image: 1 query = full smartphone charge; Video: significantly more than image (2025) |
Video queries require the most energy, followed by image, then text |
| OpenAI |
Stargate Initiative (planned) |
All |
Each data center: up to 5 gigawatts (2025 announcement) |
More than the total power demand of the state of New Hampshire |
| Global Data Centers |
AI and Data Center Usage |
All |
Less than 300 TWh in 2020; projected nearly 1,000 TWh in next five years (2025) |
More than Japan's total electricity consumption |